Learn English via Listening - Level 3 - Women in Sport | Текст песни

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• Learn English via Listening - Level 3
• Women in Sport

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The struggle to attain equality for female participation in sport has been a long and hard-
fought one. One hundred years ago, a majority of people-many women included-would
have thought it unnatural, if not immoral, to permit women to participate in sports. Today,
women's participation is widespread and accepted by most. However, there are still many
sports and sport-related institutions and organizations that have not achieved full
equality. Some sports, such as football or boxing, encourage very little female
participation, although even these so-called "masculine" sports are changing. Women's
boxing, for example, will probably be included in the Olympic Games by the end of this
decade.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, when sports and physical education programs were
first organized in North America, women were forbidden from participating for so-called
"scientific" or "medical" reasons. Physicians as a group often spoke out against female
athleticism, using the argument that physical activity would damage reproduction.
Others claimed that it was quite simply "unnatural" for women to participate in sports.
Little real evidence was provided to support these claims. In truth, the so-called
"evidence" was more a reflection of physicians' cultural assumptions about women's
place in society in general.
The 1920s and 1930s witnessed a short "Golden Age" in women's sports. Individual
athletes and teams or leagues formed to support female athletics. Track and field, tennis,
softball, programs in physical education, and other activities were encouraged, at least
for those women lucky enough to have the time and money to participate. There was
even a Women's Olympic Games movement in the 1920s and 1930s. At one point, the
regular Olympic Games organized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), became
concerned that the Women's Olympics would gain enough power to challenge the
superiority of the IOC's Olympics. As a result, the IOC included a few more women's
events in their Games, although not many.
The Golden Age of women's sports was followed by a long drought. The post-World War
II era was one of very conservative traditional family values in North America. However,
in the 1970s the current boom in women's sport began. One of the driving forces in the
movement was East Bloc countries, particularly the Soviet Union and East Germany,
both of which encouraged female athletes at the highest level-the Olympic Games.
Female athletes with strong and muscular bodies emerged on the international sports
stage. At first, this raised concern among the male-dominated sports establishment.
However, after years of struggle, the muscular and strong female athletic body has
become common in international sport.
In the late-nineteenth century, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, Pierre de
Coubertin, said that the sight of women participating in sport was an affront to the
human eye, and unnatural. We've come a long way since then.